Instead of joining on the scheduler threads, instead keep a count of active
schedulers. When there are no more schedulers raise a signal for the main
thread to continue.

This will be required once schedulers can be added and removed from the
running kernel.

This will be needed once we support dynamically changing schedulers.

This is in preparation for giving schedulers their own life cycle separate
from the kernel.

Tasks must be deleted before their scheduler thread, so we can't let the
scheduler exit before all its tasks have been cleaned up. In this scheme,
the scheduler will unregister tasks with the kernel when they are reaped,
then drop their ref on the task (there may still be others). When the task
ref count hits zero, the task will request to be unregistered from the
scheduler, which is responsible for deleting the task.

Instead of having the kernel tell the scheduler to exit, let the scheduler
decide when to exit. For now it will exit when all of its tasks are
unregistered.

This function creates a new scheduler with a specified number of threads and
immediately executes a task on it. The scheduler is configured to terminate
when the task dies. This is the minimum API necessary to enable blocking C
calls.